The oldest remains of human presence (nomadic hunter-gatherers) have been found in the Piquimachay cave (Ayacucho) with a date of 20,000-10,000 years BC.
The starting point of Peruvian agriculture was by 4,000-5,000 BC with crops of cotton, beans, corn, chili and squash.
Since 1,300 BC advanced cultures appeared, such as Chavin, Paracas, Mochica, Nasca, Tiahuanaco, Wari and the regional states of Chimu, Chincha and Chanka. This period lasted until the 15th century when the Inca Empire reached its highest expansion.
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