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1ST ANNIVERSARY, NEW EDITION

Dear Readers,
We are profoundly prouds to introduce you to the new PeruTourism Newsletter. As you can see, we have changed the format and design of the newsletter in order to give you the most agile and fresh information of Peru.
But we not only changed the colors and replaced the columns. As you can appreciate, there is a menu on the left hand showing you the old and new sections of the newsletter.
We still mantain the main and second article, as well as the latest news section. For the nature lovers, now they will learn about an endemic flora or fauna species every issue at the Wildlife Zone Section; on this issue, you will learn about the emblematic bird of Peru: the cock of the rocks. Also, you could get in touch with a different pre-hispanic culture of Peru in the History 101 section. From Chavin Civilization (from 1,200 to 400 B.C.) to the Inca's Empire (from 1,414 to 1,532 A.D.), you will follow the evolution of the Andean World before the Hispanic Conquest.
We are sure you will be closer to Peru with this new design, and we nothing want more than be closer to you.
Regards,
José and Cynthia

THE GODS OF THE ANCIENT PERU

The Andean gods have survived the Conquest. Neither the fury or the zeal of those determinated to stamp out idolatry, nor the patient and tolerant missionary work that followed were able to wipe the ancient deities from living memory. Countenances flasing fearsome feline fangs or falcon eyes stare out from museum glass cases. They are nameless figures, although the sinous snake forms and bolts of lighting they emit suggest they wielded exceptional powers, worthy of a Pachacamac, Inti or Wiracocha. Even today, the crosses raised on top of the highest peaks in the highlands, the coast or cloud forest point to the favorite spots of the ancient gods. The offerings to the earth goddess, called pagapus (quechua for payment to the gods) and various rites from patron saint festivals are often dedicated to them under the names of Christian saints.
Against this backdrop, then, it is surprising that the elemental questions about the identity and characteristics of the gods in pre-Hispanic Peru should be difficult to answer for all and sundry -from historians, anthropologists and archeologists to students and tourists how many supreme gods were there in the Andes; one or several? Was there or was there not an Andean creator? How were the pantheons ranked? Was the Chimu religion similar to that of the Incas?
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PERU'S FRUIT BASKET

Peru can claim to have given the world the extraordinary fruits like lucuma, the custard apple (chirimoya), the guanabana and the grenadine, as well as other fruits like the pacae, or friar's plum. When one wanders through Peruvian markets, they always stand out for their colorful fruit section, well-stocked year-round with different types of avocado, pears, grenadiens, tangerines, papayas, pineapples, bananas, mangos, melons. The variety and constant availability of the fruit on sale is thanks to the unique geography and topography of Peru, located south of the Equator and split in two by the Andes. This has given rise to two-thirds of the more than 120 eco-climates to be found in the world, and make it possible to harvest the same product in different parts of the country during different seasons. The new trend of Peruvian cooking to led more importance to native products. That has egged Peruvian chefs to dream up new sauces based on fruit like the aguaimanto (the so-called Inca cherry) or a novel blend of passion fruit with the ají chili pepper. Another fruit which is becoming increasingly popular in sauces is the sauco or elderberry. Fruits also play an important role in regional cooking. For example, green bananas are used in classic Piura dishes like seco de chabelo and majado in the jungle.
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CHAVIN DE HUANTAR

Since 1000 b.C. in the Peruvian territory started to grow up the presence of societies which developed complex ways of organization, also built smashing ceremonial and administrative centers, the accomplished an advanced manage of resources through the agriculture, animal breeding and its members turned into experts and goldsmiths. Many of these societies had only a regional develop, while other achieve larger spread.

THE CHAVIN CULTURE
Between 1200 b.C. and 400 a.C. it was developed the center from where the Chavin culture spread out through the Andes. Chavin de Huantar is located in Conchucos passageway, in the highlands of Ancash region, where Pukcha and Wacheqsa rivers join together at 10,433 feet over the sea level between the white and the black mountain range. With an strategic location, it was a connection point between the coast, the mountains and the jungle.
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COCK OF THE ROCK

The Peruvian Cock Rock or "Tunqui" is one of the most spectacular birds in the world. Its fantastic colorful plumage is comparable to any bird of paradise. There are two species: The Andean Cock Rock (Rupicola Peruviana) and The Guyanese Cock Rock (Rupicola rupicola). Both live in mountain areas in South America. The first one is spread in the Andes from Venezuela till Bolivia; the second one is located in the oldest mountains and highly eroded at east side of the Andes and at the north side of Amazonas River.
The diet of both species is mainly fruits and their nests are built in the front face of the crags, the great sleeky rocks, etc. The female build the nest and takes care the babies without any help of the male. Two eggs is normally the amount of the brood. The adult males spend most of their time in the communal cortege areas called leks, where they show themselves to the visiting males, then the females selected the ones to pair .
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